Adenosine receptor type 2a is differently modulated by nicotine in dorsal brainstem cells of Wistar Kyoto and spontaneously hypertensive rats

Hypertension can result from neuronal network imbalance in areas of central nervous system that control blood pressure, such as the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS). There are several neurotransmitters and neuromodulatory substances within the NTS, such as adenosine, which acts on purinoreceptors A 2a (A 2a R). The A 2a R modulates neurotransmission in the NTS where its activation may induce decrease in blood pressure by different mechanisms. Nicotine is a molecule that crosses the hematoencephalic barrier and acts in several areas of central nervous system including the NTS, where it may interact with some neurotransmitter systems and contributes to the development of hypertension in subjects with genetic predisposition to this disease. In this study we first determined A 2a R binding, protein, and mRNA expression in dorsomedial medulla oblongata of neonate normotensive (WKY) and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Subsequently, we analyzed the modulatory effects of nicotine on A 2a R in cell culture in order to evaluate its possible involvement in the development of hypertension. Data showed a decreased A 2a R binding and increased protein and mRNA expression in tissue sample and culture of dorsal brainstem from SHR compared with those from WKY rats at basal conditions. Moreover, nicotine modulated A 2a R binding, protein, and mRNA expression in cells from both strains. Interestingly, nicotine decreased A 2a R binding and increased protein levels, as well as, induced a differential modulation in A 2a R mRNA expression. Results give us a clue about the mechanisms involved in the modulatory effects of nicotine on A 2a R as well as hypothesize its possible contribution to the development of hypertension. In conclusion, we demonstrated that A 2a R of SHR cells which differ from WKY and nicotine differentially modulates A 2a R in dorsal brainstem cells of SHR and WKY.