Impact des facteurs individuels et environnementaux sur le taux d'aberrations chromosomiques de type translocations Partie 1 : age, sexe, tabac, alcool

The assessment of exposure to ionizing radiation, carried out long time after exposure, is currently performed by scoring of translocations, a specific type of chromosomal aberrations. The translocations rate observed in peripheral blood lymphocytes of exposed subjects is compared to that observed in a control population. However, the translocation specificity towards radiation exposure is not clearly identified. To avoid any hasty conclusion, it is necessary to identify all the factors likely to induce translocation. To our knowledge, no study has thus far examined the effects of all these different factors on translocation rates. A review of the literature thus allowed us to assess the impact of host factors and lifestyle on the production of translocations. This study confirms that age appears to be the factor having the greatest impact on the rate of translocations, especially over 60 years. To date, the factor 'age' is already considered in estimating the impact of radiation on the rate of translocation for all age groups. However, the study also shows that this rate varies significantly when the patient is exposed simultaneously and significantly towards many lifestyle agents. A precise threshold translocation rate should thus be established as a function of known behavioral exposures, below which it is impossible to conclude that radiological exposure has occurred. The effects of chemicals on the translocation rate after occupational exposure will be the subject of a second part.Original Abstract: L'evaluation de l'exposition aux rayonnements ionisants, effectuee longtemps apres l'exposition, est actuellement realisee en denombrant les aberrations chromosomiques de type translocations. Le taux de ces translocations observees dans les lymphocytes des personnes exposees est compare au taux observe au sein d'une population controle. Toutefois, la specificite des translocations vis-a-vis de l'irradiation n'est pas clairement identifiee. Afin d'eviter toute conclusion hative, il est necessaire d'identifier tous les facteurs susceptibles d'induire des translocations. A notre connaissance, aucune synthese sur l'effet de ces differents facteurs sur le taux de translocations n'a ete realisee a ce jour. Cette recherche bibliographique a confirme l'impact de certains facteurs personnels sur l'augmentation des translocations. Cette etude corrobore que l'age s'avere etre le facteur ayant le plus d'impact sur le taux de translocations, notamment apres 60 ans. A c