Multi-period Congestion Pricing Models and Efficient Tolls in Urban Road Systems

This paper reviews recent advances in multi-period congestion pricing models in urban road system. Mathematical formulations of various congestion pricing problems for two time periods (peak and off-peak) and for a simple road network are presented. A procedure is provided for conducting a simulation study of the peak and off-peak congestion pricing models to examine congestion tolls and their effects on traffic allocations and social welfares. Major findings from the analysis results are summarized. Some extensions of the existing models and future research topics are also discussed.