Adaptive identification of linear time-delay systems: From theory toward application to engine transient fuel identification

The paper is of tutorial value. A theoretical treatment of adaptive (online) identification issues is reviewed side by side for linear time‐delay systems (LTDSs) with state measurements and for single‐input single‐output (SISO) LTDS with output measurements. A class of parameter identification algorithms is then presented for SISO LTDS with known and unknown delays. An application of the proposed algorithms to transient fuel identification in a port‐fuel‐injected internal combustion engine is illustrated in an experimental study. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.