Supraglottitis in children: evaluation and management

Supraglottitis is a life-threatening illness characterized by inflammation of the supraglottic structures including the epiglottis, arytenoids, aryepiglottic folds, and ventricular bands. This paper is a comprehensive review of the etiology, epidemiology, pathology, differential diagnosis, natural course, complications, and management of supraglottitis. A high index of suspicion is required to properly interpret the historical, physical, and radiologic findings. As soon as the diagnosis of supraglottitis is established, the airway sould be secured by either an endotracheal tube or tracheostomy followed by antibiotic and supportive therapy.