Vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia: Biologic aspects and treatment with topical 5-fluorouracil and the carbon dioxide laser

A review of 41 evaluable patients was made in order to study vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia (VAIN) and to investigate new methods of treatment. Colposcopic examination of the vagina revealed white epithelium alone in 20 patients and white epithelium associated with vascular punctation in 15. No lesion had a vascular mosaic pattern. Most patients had multifocal disease located in the vaginal apex. Iodine staining was positive in six patients with negative colposcopic examinations. Twenty-four patients had severe dysplasia or carcinoma in situ, and 17 had minimal or moderate dyplasia. Associated genital disease occurred in 17 patients with antecedent cervical or vulvar squamous neoplasia, and six additional patients had coexistent lesions. The chronology of vaginal disease that appeared after treatment of cervical neoplasia suggests a persistent but decreasing likelihood of the development of VAIN with the passage of time. In patients followed without therapy, six had spontaneous remission of disease. Treatment was successful in 12 of 15 patients with topical 5-fluorouracil and in nine of 10 patients with the carbon dioxide laser. The advantages of these methods of treatment for patients with VAIN relative to surgical procedures and radiation therapy are considered.