Hepatobiliary Cancer and Salmonella

To the Editor: In their article summarizing the current knowledge on biliary-tract cancer, Bismuth and Malt 1 attribute gallbladder cancer to gallstones or to "whatever causes gallstones," but they fail to cite our recent article on the association between hepatobiliary cancer and the typhoid-carrier state. 2 In a case–control study of 471 carriers and matched controls, we found that the relative risk among carriers of developing hepatobiliary cancer was more than six times that of the controls; these findings were highly significant (P