Do S100β protein level increases due to inflammation during cardiopulmonary bypass occur without any neurological deficit?

Purpose: S100β protein level correlates with the duration of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and aortic crossclamp times, but is different during pulsatile and nonpulsatile CPB. In this study, we investigated the time course of the release of S100β protein during and after pulsatile and nonpulsatile CPB. Patients and methods: This is a prospective study. Twenty patients had open-heart surgery with pulsatile flow and 20 with nonpulsatile flow. We compared complement proteins, interleukins, white blood cells and S100β protein before the initiation of CPB, immediately prior to aortic crossclamping, following unclamping, and at postoperative 1st and 24th hours. Results: In the pulsatile CPB group following aortic unclamping, S100β protein ( p = 0.028) and C3a ( p = 0.011) levels were significantly lower than those of the nonpulsatile group. In the pulsatile CPB group at postoperative first hour, C3a level ( p = 0.018) and absolute neutrophil count ( p = 0.034) were significantly lower than those of the nonpulsatile group. None of the patients developed a neurological deficit and all of the patients survived after the operation and were discharged from the hospital. Conclusion: During CPB, serum S100β protein level increases and this increase is higher in the nonpulsatile group. High serum level of S100β protein is associated with increased levels of serum inflammatory mediators and systemic inflammatory response.