Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor Potentiates Antitumor Activity of Interleukin-12 in Melanoma Model in Mice

To study the antitumor activity of the combination immunotherapy with interleukin-12 (IL-12) and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), a murine MmB16 melanoma tumor model was used. Seven days after inoculation of MmB16 melanoma cells into the footpad of the right hind limb, mice were treated with IL-12 and/or GM-CSF administered intratumorally for 7 consecutive days. IL-12 used both at a high (1 µg) and at a low (0.01 µg) dose per day produced retardation of tumor growth, although neither treatment resulted in any significant prolongation of the survival of tumor-bearing mice. GM-CSF did not by itself exert antitumor activity in this model; however, it potentiated antitumor effects of IL-12. In particular, survival of tumor-bearing mice treated with IL-12 (0.01 µg per day) and GM-CSF was significantly prolonged compared with that in mice treated with either IL-12 or GM-CSF alone.