Biomonitoring of traffic-related nitrogen oxides in the Maurienne valley (Savoie, France), using purple moor grass growth parameters and leaf 15N/ 14N ratio

Effects of traffic-related nitrogenous emissions on purple moor grass ( Molinia caerulea (L.) Moench) transplants, used here as a new biomonitoring species, were assessed along 500 m long transects orthogonal to roads located in two open areas in the Maurienne valley (French Alps). Leaves were sampled during summer 2004 and 2005 for total N-content and 15N-abundance determination while nitrogen oxides (NO and NO 2) concentrations were determined using passive diffusion samplers. A significant and negative correlation was observed between plant total N-content, and 15N-abundance and the logarithm of the distance to the road axis. The strongest decreases in plant N parameters were observed between 15 and 100 m from road axis. They were equivalent to background levels at a distance of about 800 m from the roads. In addition, motor vehicle pollution significantly affected vegetation at road edge, as was established from the relationship between leaf 15N-abundance, total N-content and road traffic densities. Effects of motor vehicle emissions on the δ 15N, N-contents and growth of purple moor grass as a function of the distance to roads.