In Vivo Comparison of Hard Tissue Regeneration with Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells Processed with Either the FICOLL Method or the BMAC Method

Objective: To compare new bone formation in maxillary sinus augmentation procedures using biomaterial associated with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) separated by two different isolation methods. Background: In regenerative medicine open cell concentration systems are only allowed for clinical application under good manufacturing practice conditions. Methods: Mononuclear cells, including MSCs, were concentrated with either the synthetic poylsaccharid (FICOLL) method (classic open system—control group, n = 6 sinus) or the bone marrow aspirate concentrate (BMAC) method (closed system—test group, n = 12 sinus) and transplanted in combination with biomaterial. A sample of the cells was characterized by their ability to differentiate. After 4.1 months (SD ± 1.0) bone biopsies were obtained and analyzed. Results: The new bone formation in the BMAC group was 19.9% (90% confidence interval [CI], 10.9–29), and in the FICOLL group was 15.5% (90% CI, 8.6–22.4). The 4.4% difference was not significant (90% CI, −4.6–13.5; p = 0.39). MSCs could be differentiated into osteogenic, chondrogenic, and adipogenic lineages. Conclusion: MSCs harvested from bone marrow aspirate in combination with bovine bone matrix particles can form lamellar bone and provide a reliable base for dental implants. The closed BMAC system is suited to substitute the open FICOLL system in bone regeneration procedures.