Correlates of Weight Patterns during Middle Age Characterized by Functional Principal Components Analysis

Purpose Describing weight trajectories using functional methods may further our understanding of how weight impacts health. We characterize weight patterns and describe correlates of these patterns. Methods Using a subset of the Framingham Heart Study original cohort limited-access data set ( n = 1,429), we conducted a functional principal components analysis (PCA) of body mass index from 40 to 55 years of age. Scores from the principal component functions defined weight patterns. Gender-specific logistic regression models provided estimates of association with sociodemographic and lifestyle factors. Results Overall weight status, weight changes, and cycling emerged as weight patterns during middle age. Overweight/obesity at 25 years was the most consistent correlate of weight patterns (adjusted odds ratios [AORs] for men and women were 14.2 and 3.7 for overall overweight, 99.5 and 28.3 for overall obese, and 1.4 and 3.9 for cycling). Weight status at 25 years was not associated with weight gain in either gender or weight loss in men; for women the AOR was 2.7 for weight loss. Conclusions Functional PCA described weight patterns during middle age. The strong associations between weight status at 25 years and overall weight status and cycling during middle age underscore the importance of addressing weight earlier in life.