Mechanism of the appearance of a large-scale vortex in the troposphere above a nonuniformly heated surface

This paper is dedicated to a numerical modeling study of the formation mechanisms of a large-scale vortex over a warm water band on the ocean surface. For this purpose, we developed a 3D model of the atmospheric circulation in a domain, which is a part of spherical layer over a limited region of the Earths surface (altitude 15 km, longitude and latitude 12). This model takes into account heating/cooling of the air due to absorption/emission of infrared radiation, as well as due to phase transitions of water vapor to microdrops of water and ice particles, which play an important role. Air transport in the troposphere over a warm region at the ocean surface was numerically simulated using the developed model under different physical conditions. The modeling results allowed us to distinguish the mechanism of cyclone formation over the ocean.