Functioning of the ecosystem in the Sea of Azov during winter

Recent global climate changes are reflected at all organization levels of terrestrial and marine ecosystems. The most reliable indicators of climatic trends are marine ecosystems [2, 9]. Of particular interest are anomalously severe winters that occur against the background of progressive global warming and emphasize irregular temperature trends in the Northern Hemisphere. Drastic climatic anomalies, which inuence the structure and productive characteristics of trophic chains, are essential for the functioning of marine ecosystems, including pelagic planktonic communities.