A linear formulation model for pipe network components

A new model and efficient formulation for the incorporation of various essential network components such as bends, tees, expansions and contractions, diffusers, valves, and booster pumps into the analysis of pipe distribution networks is presented. The solution technique is based on the linearized nodal flow and head equations. The technique has a unique feature of formulating a general scheme for handling all network components. The linear formulation model results were compared with the results of a linear theory model. The correlation in terms of values of junction pressures and element flow rates was high. The advantages of the technique include reduced computer space requirement, implementation through existing matrix inversion or finite element codes, simplicity of application to large networks, the ability to model and incorporate all essential network components into the analysis, and ease of use with large and small computers. The technique has potential applications to municipal water supplies, irrigation pipe networks, food and material handling and transportation, complicated hydraulic control systems, fuel distribution networks, and engine cooling systems.