Synthesis of the antibiotic cortalcerone from d-glucose using pyranose 2-oxidase and a novel fungal enzyme, aldos-2-ulose dehydratase

Using two enzymes purified from the white-rot fungus, Polyporus obtusus, 5% solutions of d-glucose have been quantitatively converted in vitro into d- arabino-hexos-2-ulose ( d-glucosone) and subsequently into a compound having antimicrobial activity. The antibiotic has been shown by nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectroscopy to be chemically identical to a previously described fungal metabolite known as cortalcerone. Based on kinetic analysis of the synthetic process, a pathway for the biosynthesis of cortalcerone is proposed, involving both chemical rearrangement and enzymically catalyzed steps. Two enzymes, pyranose 2-oxidase and a previously uncharacterized d- arabino-hexos-2-ulose-utilizing enzyme, may be sufficient for the biosynthesis of cortalcerone from glucose in vivo. The d- arabino-hexos-2-ulose-utilizing enzyme dehydrates certain aldosuloses and has been named aldos-2-ulose dehydratase. The enzyme, which appears to be a dimer of 95-kDa subunits, has been purified 450-fold. Additional properties of aldos-2-ulose dehydratase are described, including its apparent ability to catalyze two different steps in the proposed biosynthetic pathway for cortalcerone.