Rhizopus osteomyelitis: A case report and review

Mucormycosis osteomyelitis has previously been described exclusively in association with contiguous infections of rhinocerebral mucormycosis. In a patient with corticosteroid-dependent neutropenia and anemia osteomyelitis of the femur developed caused by the Mucoraceae Rhizopus. Although a primary focus was not identified, we believe this infection was hematogenous in origin. Mitogen stimulation to phytohemagglutinin (PHA) of the patient's lymphocytes revealed depressed cellular immunity; however, there was specific response to Rhizopus extract. Treatment with systemic amphotericin B prevented further progression of the infection. A review of mucormycosis osteomyelitis is presented.