Independent regulation of calcium revealed by imaging dendritic spines
THE dendritic spine is a basic structural unit of neuronal organization. It is assumed to be a primary locus of synaptic plasticity, and to undergo long-term morphological and functional changes 1–6 , at least some of which are regulated by intracellular calcium concentrations 7–11 . It is known tha...
Gespeichert in:
Veröffentlicht in: | Nature (London) 1991-11, Vol.354 (6348), p.76-80 |
---|---|
Hauptverfasser: | , , |
Format: | Artikel |
Sprache: | eng |
Schlagworte: | |
Online-Zugang: | Volltext |
Tags: |
Tag hinzufügen
Keine Tags, Fügen Sie den ersten Tag hinzu!
|
container_end_page | 80 |
---|---|
container_issue | 6348 |
container_start_page | 76 |
container_title | Nature (London) |
container_volume | 354 |
creator | Guthrie, Peter B Segal, Menahem Kater, S. B |
description | THE dendritic spine is a basic structural unit of neuronal organization. It is assumed to be a primary locus of synaptic plasticity, and to undergo long-term morphological and functional changes
1–6
, at least some of which are regulated by intracellular calcium concentrations
7–11
. It is known that physiological stimuli can cause marked increases in intracellular calcium levels in hippocampal dendritic shafts
12,13
, but it is completely unknown to what extent such changes in the dendrites would also be seen by calcium-sensing structures within spines. Will calcium levels in all spines change in parallel with the dendrite or will there be a heterogeneous response? This study, through direct visualization and measurement of intracellular calcium concentrations in individual living spines, demonstrates that experimentally evoked changes in calcium concentrations in the dendritic shaft ([Ca
2+
]
d
) are frequently not parallelled in the spine ([Ca
2+
]
s
). This isolation is not caused by a physical diffusion barrier. This report provides, to our knowledge, the first direct demonstration of autonomous spine function. |
doi_str_mv | 10.1038/354076a0 |
format | Article |
fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_cross</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_743318821</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>743318821</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c454t-ec32f2300a31a3c8a6169b4b4d527ea8457947234376f244864585e135c5cbdc3</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNqF0V1LHDEUBuBQFF1XoX_AMpRi9WJsPk4-5rKIVkHwpr0eMpkzS2Q2syYzgv--kVlXKKW9SSDn4eQkLyEfGb1kVJhvQgLVytIPZMFAqxKU0XtkQSk3JTVCHZKjlB4ppZJpOCAHrAKQWizIzV1ocYN5CWMRcTX1dvRDKIaucLZ3flrn02e0PbZF81L4tV35sCoyb6MfvSvSxgdMx2S_s33Ck-2-JL9urn9e3Zb3Dz_urr7flw4kjCU6wTsuKLWCWeGMVUxVDTTQSq7RmjxTBZoLEFp1HMAokEYiE9JJ17ROLMnXue8mDk8TprFe--Sw723AYUq1BiGYMZxlefZvyUEJaf4PmWK84vmzluTzH_BxmGLIz605BeCKVTyj8xm5OKQUsas3MX9afKkZrV-jqt-iyvR0229q1ti-wzmbXP-yrduUs-iiDc6nHZNUSKle2cXMUq6EFcb3sf5y5afZBjtOEXe9duA3uhqvAQ</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>204426192</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Independent regulation of calcium revealed by imaging dendritic spines</title><source>MEDLINE</source><source>Nature</source><source>Alma/SFX Local Collection</source><creator>Guthrie, Peter B ; Segal, Menahem ; Kater, S. B</creator><creatorcontrib>Guthrie, Peter B ; Segal, Menahem ; Kater, S. B</creatorcontrib><description>THE dendritic spine is a basic structural unit of neuronal organization. It is assumed to be a primary locus of synaptic plasticity, and to undergo long-term morphological and functional changes
1–6
, at least some of which are regulated by intracellular calcium concentrations
7–11
. It is known that physiological stimuli can cause marked increases in intracellular calcium levels in hippocampal dendritic shafts
12,13
, but it is completely unknown to what extent such changes in the dendrites would also be seen by calcium-sensing structures within spines. Will calcium levels in all spines change in parallel with the dendrite or will there be a heterogeneous response? This study, through direct visualization and measurement of intracellular calcium concentrations in individual living spines, demonstrates that experimentally evoked changes in calcium concentrations in the dendritic shaft ([Ca
2+
]
d
) are frequently not parallelled in the spine ([Ca
2+
]
s
). This isolation is not caused by a physical diffusion barrier. This report provides, to our knowledge, the first direct demonstration of autonomous spine function.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0028-0836</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1476-4687</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1038/354076a0</identifier><identifier>PMID: 1944573</identifier><identifier>CODEN: NATUAS</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>London: Nature Publishing Group UK</publisher><subject>Animals ; Biochemistry ; Biological and medical sciences ; Calcium ; Calcium - metabolism ; Cellular biology ; Central nervous system ; Central neurotransmission. Neuromudulation. Pathways and receptors ; Dendrites ; Dendrites - physiology ; Excavation ; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology ; Hippocampus - physiology ; Humanities and Social Sciences ; In Vitro Techniques ; letter ; Microscopy, Fluorescence ; Minerals ; multidisciplinary ; Nervous system ; Rats ; Science ; Science (multidisciplinary) ; Spine ; Synapses - physiology ; Vertebrates: nervous system and sense organs</subject><ispartof>Nature (London), 1991-11, Vol.354 (6348), p.76-80</ispartof><rights>Springer Nature Limited 1991</rights><rights>1992 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>Copyright Macmillan Journals Ltd. Nov 7, 1991</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c454t-ec32f2300a31a3c8a6169b4b4d527ea8457947234376f244864585e135c5cbdc3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c454t-ec32f2300a31a3c8a6169b4b4d527ea8457947234376f244864585e135c5cbdc3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,2727,27924,27925</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=5035563$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1944573$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Guthrie, Peter B</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Segal, Menahem</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kater, S. B</creatorcontrib><title>Independent regulation of calcium revealed by imaging dendritic spines</title><title>Nature (London)</title><addtitle>Nature</addtitle><addtitle>Nature</addtitle><description>THE dendritic spine is a basic structural unit of neuronal organization. It is assumed to be a primary locus of synaptic plasticity, and to undergo long-term morphological and functional changes
1–6
, at least some of which are regulated by intracellular calcium concentrations
7–11
. It is known that physiological stimuli can cause marked increases in intracellular calcium levels in hippocampal dendritic shafts
12,13
, but it is completely unknown to what extent such changes in the dendrites would also be seen by calcium-sensing structures within spines. Will calcium levels in all spines change in parallel with the dendrite or will there be a heterogeneous response? This study, through direct visualization and measurement of intracellular calcium concentrations in individual living spines, demonstrates that experimentally evoked changes in calcium concentrations in the dendritic shaft ([Ca
2+
]
d
) are frequently not parallelled in the spine ([Ca
2+
]
s
). This isolation is not caused by a physical diffusion barrier. This report provides, to our knowledge, the first direct demonstration of autonomous spine function.</description><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Biochemistry</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Calcium</subject><subject>Calcium - metabolism</subject><subject>Cellular biology</subject><subject>Central nervous system</subject><subject>Central neurotransmission. Neuromudulation. Pathways and receptors</subject><subject>Dendrites</subject><subject>Dendrites - physiology</subject><subject>Excavation</subject><subject>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</subject><subject>Hippocampus - physiology</subject><subject>Humanities and Social Sciences</subject><subject>In Vitro Techniques</subject><subject>letter</subject><subject>Microscopy, Fluorescence</subject><subject>Minerals</subject><subject>multidisciplinary</subject><subject>Nervous system</subject><subject>Rats</subject><subject>Science</subject><subject>Science (multidisciplinary)</subject><subject>Spine</subject><subject>Synapses - physiology</subject><subject>Vertebrates: nervous system and sense organs</subject><issn>0028-0836</issn><issn>1476-4687</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>1991</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>8G5</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><sourceid>GUQSH</sourceid><sourceid>M2O</sourceid><recordid>eNqF0V1LHDEUBuBQFF1XoX_AMpRi9WJsPk4-5rKIVkHwpr0eMpkzS2Q2syYzgv--kVlXKKW9SSDn4eQkLyEfGb1kVJhvQgLVytIPZMFAqxKU0XtkQSk3JTVCHZKjlB4ppZJpOCAHrAKQWizIzV1ocYN5CWMRcTX1dvRDKIaucLZ3flrn02e0PbZF81L4tV35sCoyb6MfvSvSxgdMx2S_s33Ck-2-JL9urn9e3Zb3Dz_urr7flw4kjCU6wTsuKLWCWeGMVUxVDTTQSq7RmjxTBZoLEFp1HMAokEYiE9JJ17ROLMnXue8mDk8TprFe--Sw723AYUq1BiGYMZxlefZvyUEJaf4PmWK84vmzluTzH_BxmGLIz605BeCKVTyj8xm5OKQUsas3MX9afKkZrV-jqt-iyvR0229q1ti-wzmbXP-yrduUs-iiDc6nHZNUSKle2cXMUq6EFcb3sf5y5afZBjtOEXe9duA3uhqvAQ</recordid><startdate>19911107</startdate><enddate>19911107</enddate><creator>Guthrie, Peter B</creator><creator>Segal, Menahem</creator><creator>Kater, S. B</creator><general>Nature Publishing Group UK</general><general>Nature Publishing</general><general>Nature Publishing Group</general><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QG</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7QP</scope><scope>7QR</scope><scope>7RV</scope><scope>7SN</scope><scope>7SS</scope><scope>7ST</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>7TG</scope><scope>7TK</scope><scope>7TM</scope><scope>7TO</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>7X2</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88A</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>88G</scope><scope>88I</scope><scope>8AF</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8C1</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>8G5</scope><scope>ABJCF</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ARAPS</scope><scope>ATCPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>BKSAR</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>D1I</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>GUQSH</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KB.</scope><scope>KB0</scope><scope>KL.</scope><scope>L6V</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0K</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M2M</scope><scope>M2O</scope><scope>M2P</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>M7S</scope><scope>MBDVC</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>P5Z</scope><scope>P62</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>PATMY</scope><scope>PCBAR</scope><scope>PDBOC</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PSYQQ</scope><scope>PTHSS</scope><scope>PYCSY</scope><scope>Q9U</scope><scope>R05</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>S0X</scope><scope>SOI</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>7SC</scope><scope>7SP</scope><scope>7SR</scope><scope>7TB</scope><scope>7U5</scope><scope>8BQ</scope><scope>F28</scope><scope>JG9</scope><scope>JQ2</scope><scope>KR7</scope><scope>L7M</scope><scope>L~C</scope><scope>L~D</scope></search><sort><creationdate>19911107</creationdate><title>Independent regulation of calcium revealed by imaging dendritic spines</title><author>Guthrie, Peter B ; Segal, Menahem ; Kater, S. B</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c454t-ec32f2300a31a3c8a6169b4b4d527ea8457947234376f244864585e135c5cbdc3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>1991</creationdate><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Biochemistry</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Calcium</topic><topic>Calcium - metabolism</topic><topic>Cellular biology</topic><topic>Central nervous system</topic><topic>Central neurotransmission. Neuromudulation. Pathways and receptors</topic><topic>Dendrites</topic><topic>Dendrites - physiology</topic><topic>Excavation</topic><topic>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</topic><topic>Hippocampus - physiology</topic><topic>Humanities and Social Sciences</topic><topic>In Vitro Techniques</topic><topic>letter</topic><topic>Microscopy, Fluorescence</topic><topic>Minerals</topic><topic>multidisciplinary</topic><topic>Nervous system</topic><topic>Rats</topic><topic>Science</topic><topic>Science (multidisciplinary)</topic><topic>Spine</topic><topic>Synapses - physiology</topic><topic>Vertebrates: nervous system and sense organs</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Guthrie, Peter B</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Segal, Menahem</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kater, S. B</creatorcontrib><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Animal Behavior Abstracts</collection><collection>Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B)</collection><collection>Calcium & Calcified Tissue Abstracts</collection><collection>Chemoreception Abstracts</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database</collection><collection>Ecology Abstracts</collection><collection>Entomology Abstracts (Full archive)</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><collection>Immunology Abstracts</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts</collection><collection>Neurosciences Abstracts</collection><collection>Nucleic Acids Abstracts</collection><collection>Oncogenes and Growth Factors Abstracts</collection><collection>Virology and AIDS Abstracts</collection><collection>Agricultural Science Collection</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Biology Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Psychology Database (Alumni)</collection><collection>Science Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>STEM Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Pharma Collection</collection><collection>Public Health Database</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Technology Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Research Library (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Materials Science & Engineering Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Collection</collection><collection>Agricultural & Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>eLibrary</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Technology Collection</collection><collection>Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Earth, Atmospheric & Aquatic Science Collection</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Materials Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>Research Library Prep</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Materials Science Database</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts - Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest Engineering Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>Agricultural Science Database</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>Psychology Database</collection><collection>Research Library</collection><collection>Science Database</collection><collection>Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C)</collection><collection>Biological Science Database</collection><collection>Engineering Database</collection><collection>Research Library (Corporate)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Premium</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Collection</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Environmental Science Database</collection><collection>Earth, Atmospheric & Aquatic Science Database</collection><collection>Materials Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest One Psychology</collection><collection>Engineering Collection</collection><collection>Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Basic</collection><collection>University of Michigan</collection><collection>Genetics Abstracts</collection><collection>SIRS Editorial</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>Computer and Information Systems Abstracts</collection><collection>Electronics & Communications Abstracts</collection><collection>Engineered Materials Abstracts</collection><collection>Mechanical & Transportation Engineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Solid State and Superconductivity Abstracts</collection><collection>METADEX</collection><collection>ANTE: Abstracts in New Technology & Engineering</collection><collection>Materials Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Computer Science Collection</collection><collection>Civil Engineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace</collection><collection>Computer and Information Systems Abstracts Academic</collection><collection>Computer and Information Systems Abstracts Professional</collection><jtitle>Nature (London)</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Guthrie, Peter B</au><au>Segal, Menahem</au><au>Kater, S. B</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Independent regulation of calcium revealed by imaging dendritic spines</atitle><jtitle>Nature (London)</jtitle><stitle>Nature</stitle><addtitle>Nature</addtitle><date>1991-11-07</date><risdate>1991</risdate><volume>354</volume><issue>6348</issue><spage>76</spage><epage>80</epage><pages>76-80</pages><issn>0028-0836</issn><eissn>1476-4687</eissn><coden>NATUAS</coden><abstract>THE dendritic spine is a basic structural unit of neuronal organization. It is assumed to be a primary locus of synaptic plasticity, and to undergo long-term morphological and functional changes
1–6
, at least some of which are regulated by intracellular calcium concentrations
7–11
. It is known that physiological stimuli can cause marked increases in intracellular calcium levels in hippocampal dendritic shafts
12,13
, but it is completely unknown to what extent such changes in the dendrites would also be seen by calcium-sensing structures within spines. Will calcium levels in all spines change in parallel with the dendrite or will there be a heterogeneous response? This study, through direct visualization and measurement of intracellular calcium concentrations in individual living spines, demonstrates that experimentally evoked changes in calcium concentrations in the dendritic shaft ([Ca
2+
]
d
) are frequently not parallelled in the spine ([Ca
2+
]
s
). This isolation is not caused by a physical diffusion barrier. This report provides, to our knowledge, the first direct demonstration of autonomous spine function.</abstract><cop>London</cop><pub>Nature Publishing Group UK</pub><pmid>1944573</pmid><doi>10.1038/354076a0</doi><tpages>5</tpages></addata></record> |
fulltext | fulltext |
identifier | ISSN: 0028-0836 |
ispartof | Nature (London), 1991-11, Vol.354 (6348), p.76-80 |
issn | 0028-0836 1476-4687 |
language | eng |
recordid | cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_743318821 |
source | MEDLINE; Nature; Alma/SFX Local Collection |
subjects | Animals Biochemistry Biological and medical sciences Calcium Calcium - metabolism Cellular biology Central nervous system Central neurotransmission. Neuromudulation. Pathways and receptors Dendrites Dendrites - physiology Excavation Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Hippocampus - physiology Humanities and Social Sciences In Vitro Techniques letter Microscopy, Fluorescence Minerals multidisciplinary Nervous system Rats Science Science (multidisciplinary) Spine Synapses - physiology Vertebrates: nervous system and sense organs |
title | Independent regulation of calcium revealed by imaging dendritic spines |
url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2024-12-22T22%3A44%3A45IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-proquest_cross&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Independent%20regulation%20of%20calcium%20revealed%20by%20imaging%20dendritic%20spines&rft.jtitle=Nature%20(London)&rft.au=Guthrie,%20Peter%20B&rft.date=1991-11-07&rft.volume=354&rft.issue=6348&rft.spage=76&rft.epage=80&rft.pages=76-80&rft.issn=0028-0836&rft.eissn=1476-4687&rft.coden=NATUAS&rft_id=info:doi/10.1038/354076a0&rft_dat=%3Cproquest_cross%3E743318821%3C/proquest_cross%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=204426192&rft_id=info:pmid/1944573&rfr_iscdi=true |