The safety and efficacy of repeated courses of tissue‐type plasminogen activator in patients with stuck mitral valves who did not fully respond to the initial thrombolytic course

In carefully selected patients with stuck mitral valves, thrombolytic therapy is becoming an established therapeutic modality. However, the management of patient with a suboptimal response to an initial thrombolytic course is unclear. The objective was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of re‐administration of tissue‐type plasminogen activator (rt‐PA) in patients with stuck mitral valves in whom the first thrombolytic course has failed to restore normal prosthetic valve function. The study group included patients who received rt‐PA and did achieve a full restoration of valve function after the initial course. Data were gathered on the safety and success rates of additional thrombolytic courses in the same hospitalization period, and their predictors. Twelve patients with stuck mitral valves experienced a total of 13 episodes in which a full resolution of leaflet abnormality was not achieved after the initial thrombolytic course. A repeated thrombolytic course was attempted in 10 patients (11 episodes). Six patients (60%) showed full success rate with repeated thrombolysis, one (10%) showed partial success, and three patients (30%) had no improvement following the second course. These last three were those with initial failure. Age, gender, valve model, worst functional class, time since valve implantation and International Normalized Ratio (INR) levels were similar in both groups. No major adverse events were noted. In this small group of patients with stuck mitral valves, re‐administration of rt‐PA after a partial response to an initial thrombolytic course was effective and safe. However, total failure of the first thrombolytic course predicted inefficiency of further courses.