Immunohistochemical Examinations of Sex Hormone Receptors in Benign Vocal Fold Lesions

Background: Acquired benign vocal fold lesions are among the most common causes of voice problems. Since the local impact of estrogen and progesterone receptors in laryngeal tissue is discussed controversially, the presence of sex hormone receptors in benign vocal fold alterations needs to be clarified. Goal of the Study: To investigate the expression of estrogen-α receptors (ER-α), estrogen-β receptors (ER-β), progesterone receptors (PR) and androgen receptors (AR) in acquired benign vocal fold alterations. Methods: Laryngeal epithelial specimens of 14 patients (13 female, 1 male) taken intraoperatively were investigated using immunohistochemistry in order to objectify ER-α, ER-β, PR and AR. Macroscopically and histopathologically diagnosed edemas of Reinke’s space (n = 10), vocal fold polyps (n = 3) and vocal fold nodules (n = 1) were enrolled in this study. Results: No specific nuclear immunohistochemical staining could be seen in the biopsies taken. Only unspecific staining patterns could be observed. Conclusion: Sex hormone receptors could not be detected in the specimens tested, thus, any direct influence of sex hormones on the development of benign vocal fold lesions is rather unlikely. The results of this study confirm the impact of vocal fold stress and biomechanical abnormalities on their development due to voice overstraining and abuse.