Inter- and intra–tester reliability of clinical measurement to determine medio-lateral patellar position using a pachymeter or visual assessment

Abstract The aim was to investigate inter-tester and intra-tester reliability and parallel reliability between a visual assessment method and a method using a pachymeter for locating the mid-point of the patella in determining the medial/lateral patella orientation. Fifteen asymptomatic subjects were assessed and the mid-point of the patella was determined by both methods on two separate occasions two weeks apart. Inter-tester reliability was obtained by ANOVA and by intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC); intra-tester reliability was obtained by a paired t -test and ICC; and parallel reliability was obtained by Pearson's Correlation and ICC, for the measurement on the first and second evaluations. There was acceptable inter-tester agreement ( p = 0.490) and reliability for the visual inspection (ICC = 0.747) and for the pachymeter (ICC = 0.716) at the second evaluation. The inter-tester reliability in the first evaluation was unacceptable (visual ICC = 0.604; pachymeter ICC = 0.612). Although there was statistical similarity between measurements for the first and second evaluations for all testers, intra-tester reliability was not acceptable for both methods: visual (examiner 1 ICC = 0.175; examiner 2 ICC = 0.189; examiner 3 ICC = 0.155) and pachymeter (examiner 1 ICC = 0.214; examiner 2 ICC = 0.246; examiner 3 ICC = 0.069). Parallel reliability gave a perfect correlation at the first evaluation ( r = 0.828; p < 0.001) and at the second ( r = 0.756; p < 0.001) and reliability was between acceptable and very good (ICC = [0.748–0.813]). Both visual and pachymeter methods provide reliable and similar medial/lateral patella orientation and are reliable between different examiners, but the results between the two assessments at 2 weeks' interval demonstrated an unacceptable reliability.