The beneficial effects of exercise on BMD are lost after cessation: a 5-year follow-up in older post-menopausal women

This study investigates whether the positive effects on bone mineral density (BMD, g/cm2) and neuromuscular function following a combined weight‐bearing program are sustained in older women, a longer period after cessation of training. Thirty‐four women (18 exercisers and 16 controls) aged 73–88 years, who completed a 12‐month randomized‐controlled trial, were invited to a 5‐year follow‐up assessment of BMD and neuromuscular function. Both groups sustained significant losses in BMD of the femoral neck, trochanter, and Ward's triangle during the follow‐up period. Significant losses were also seen in all neuromuscular function tests. The inter‐group change was, however, significant only for maximal walking speed where the exercise group had a significantly greater loss. In conclusion, this study suggests that gains in bone density and neuromuscular functions achieved by training are lost after cessation of training. Continuous high‐intensity weight‐loading physical activity is probably necessary to preserve bone density and neuromuscular function in older women.