Synthesis and biological evaluation of 3′,4′,5′-trimethoxychalcone analogues as inhibitors of nitric oxide production and tumor cell proliferation

A series of 23 3′,4′,5′-trimethoxychalcone analogues were synthesized and their inhibitory effects, on nitric oxide production in LPS/IFN-γ-treated macrophages, and human tumor cell proliferation has been investigated. A series of 23 3′,4′,5′-trimethoxychalcone analogues was synthesized and their inhibitory effects on nitric oxide (NO) production in LPS/IFN-γ-treated macrophages, and tumor cell proliferation has been investigated. 4-Hydroxy-3,3′,4′,5′-tetramethoxychalcone ( 7), 3,4-dihydroxy-3′,4′,5′-trimethoxychalcone ( 11), 3-hydroxy-3′,4,4′,5′-tetramethoxychalcone ( 14), and 3,3′,4′,5′-tetramethoxychalcone ( 15) were the most potent growth inhibitory agents on NO production, with an IC 50 value of 0.3, 1.5, 1.3 and 0.3 μM, respectively. The tumor cells proliferation assay results revealed that several compounds exhibited potent inhibition activity against different cancer cell lines. The chalcone 15 was the most potent anti-proliferative compound in the series with IC 50 values of 1.8 and 2.2 μM toward liver cancer Hep G2 and colon cancer Colon 205 cell lines, respectively. 2,3,3′,4′,5′-Pentamethoxychalcone ( 1), 3,3′,4,4′,5,5′-hexamethoxychalcone ( 3), 2,3′,4,4′,5,5′-hexamethoxychalcone ( 5), 2-hydroxy-3,3′,4′,5′-tetramethoxychalcone ( 10), 11 and 14 showed significant anti-proliferation actions in Hep G2 and Colon 205 cells with an IC 50 values ranging between 10 and 20 μM. Among the tested agents, compound 7 showed selective NO production inhibition (IC 50 = 0.3 μM), while has no effect on tumor cell proliferation (IC 50 >100 μM). 3,3′,4,4′,5′-Pentamethoxychalcone ( 2) showed selective anti-proliferation effect in Hep G2 cells, in addition to its potent NO inhibition, however has no such response in Colon 205 cells. In contrast, 3-formyl-3′,4′,5′-trimethoxychalcone ( 22) showed moderate growth inhibition in Colon 205 cells, while has no such effect on NO production and Hep G2 cells proliferation. These results provide insight into the correlation between some structural properties of 3′,4′,5′-trimethoxychalcones and their in vitro anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer differentiation activity.