Association of Metabolic Syndrome with Urinary Albumin Excretion, Low-grade Inflammation, and Low Glomerular Filtration Rate among Non-diabetic Japanese Subjects

Objective Several studies have reported a significant association of metabolic syndrome with urinary albumin excretion, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, or chronic kidney disease; however, no study has investigated the association of metabolic syndrome with these 3 factors together in the same individual. Therefore, we conducted the present study to obtain more information on this association. Methods We enrolled 712 Japanese subjects without diabetes, macroalbuminuria, or medications, who entered our hospitalized health check-up program (180 women and 532 men; mean age, 53.2 years; mean body mass index, 24.1 kg/m2). Metabolic syndrome was diagnosed by 4 major definitions. Low glomerular filtration rate was defined as an estimated glomerular filtration rate of