Exogenous Interferon‐γ Immunotherapy for Invasive Fungal Infections in Kidney Transplant Patients

The incidence of invasive fungal infections (IFIs) in nonneutropenic solid organ transplant patients is increasing. We report our clinical experience with the use of interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ) immunotherapy in seven renal transplant patients who developed life threatening, disseminated IFIs refractory to conventional antifungal drug therapy. The infections were all microbiologically and histologically proven. The rapid cure of these disseminated infections with exogenous IFN‐γ injections was not associated with impaired kidney allograft function despite the use of liposomal amphotericin B in all cases. No clinical toxicity from the IFN‐γ immunotherapy was seen and no IFI relapsed during long‐term follow‐up. Our experience is both uncontrolled and in patients with unpredictable fungal infection‐related outcomes. However, compared to standard approaches, the accelerated cure of life threatening, disseminated IFIs with 6 weeks of combination antifungal drug therapy and IFN‐γ immunotherapy saved lives, retained allograft function and led to substantial cost savings in this small patient group. Interferon‐γ immuno‐therapy to rapidly cured disseminated invasive fungal infections refractory to conventional anti‐fungal drug therapy without any impairment of kidney allograft function. See Editorial by Hirsch and Hartmann on page 1719.