Effects of glucocorticoids on the neutrophil count: A cohort study among hospitalized patients

Abstract Background Systemic glucocorticoids are often used in clinical practice for a large variety of indications. Clinical observations have shown that patients using glucocorticoids often have higher neutrophil counts. Debate remains whether this observed neutrophilia is associated with glucocorticoid use or that other factors, like disease and severity of disease, should be considered. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of systemic glucocorticoids on the absolute neutrophil count in hospitalized patients. Methods A cohort study was conducted using data from the Utrecht Patient Oriented Database which comprises clinical data of patients of the University Medical Center Utrecht. We identified all adult patients, hospitalized in 2005 with at least two blood samples for hematological testing during admission and compared in-hospital glucocorticoid use with non-use. Results A total of 809 glucocorticoid users and 2658 non-users were included in the study with comparable neutrophil counts at admission (8.2.109 /l for glucocorticoid users and 8.0.109 /l for non-users). Overall analysis showed a slight association between glucocorticoid use and an increase in neutrophil count (RR 1.3; 95% CI 1.1–1.5). However, within diagnostic subgroups there was no increase in neutrophil count in glucocorticoid users. Furthermore, among all no dose response relationship, no effect of time between the two samples, and no effect of anti-inflammatory/sodium retaining potency was found. Conclusion Observed neutrophilia in users of systemic glucocorticoids is probably associated with underlying disease, rather than glucocorticoid use itself.