Maximum occlusal bite forces in Jordanian individuals with different dentofacial vertical skeletal patterns

This study was carried out to record maximum occlusal bite force (MBF) in Jordanian students with three different facial types: short, average, and long, and to determine the effect of gender, type of functional occlusion, and the presence of premature contacts and parafunctional habits on MBF. Sixty dental students (30 males and 30 females) were divided into three equal groups based on the maxillomandibular planes angle (Max/Mand) and degree of anterior overlap: included short-faced students with a deep anterior overbite (Max/Mand ≤ 22 degrees), normal-faced students with a normal overbite that served as the controls (Max/Mand = 27 ± 5 degrees), and long-faced students with an anterior open bite (Max/Mand ≥ 32 degrees). Their age ranged between 20 and 23 years. MBF was measured using a hydraulic occlusal force gauge. Occlusal factors, including the type of functional occlusion, the presence of premature contacts, and parafunctional habits, were recorded. Differences between groups were assessed using a t-test and analysis of variance. The average MBF in Jordanian adults was 573.42 ± 140.18 N. Those with a short face had the highest MBF (679.60 ± 117.46 N) while the long-face types had the lowest MBF (453.57 ± 98.30 N; P < 0.001). The average MBF was 599.02 ± 145.91 in males and 546.97 ± 131.18 in females (P = 0.149). No gender differences were observed. The average MBF was higher in patients with premature contacts than those without, while it did not differ in subjects with different types of functional occlusion or in the presence of parafunctional habits.