The influence of stem insertion rate on the porosity of the cement mantle of hip joint replacements

Abstract This study investigates the effect of stem insertion rate on the porosity of the cement mantle. An experimental protocol was developed to simulate the surgical technique of cementing a prosthetic stem into the medullary canal of the femur. Cement mantle specimens were produced for three different stem insertion rates. The presence of porosity in the cement mantle was investigated. Additionally, the mechanical strength of the bone cement was assessed. Increasing the stem insertion rate did not have a significant effect on the porosity distribution within the bulk cement mantle. However, for all stem insertion rates investigated, the porosity concentration increased significantly moving from the cement/pseudofemur interface through to the stem/cement interface. In all cases, the presence of porosity significantly decreased the mechanical behaviour of the bone cement. High porosity concentration at the stem/cement interface seems to be attributed also to the rheology of the cement during implant insertion. Nevertheless, the surgeon cannot influence the formation of porosity by changing the stem insertion rate.