Human Atrial Natriuretic Peptide Ameliorates LPS-Induced Acute Lung Injury in Rats

Acute lung injury, a common component of systemic inflammatory disease, is a life-threatening condition without many effective treatments. However, recent studies have demonstrated that the multifunctional human atrial natriuretic peptide (hANP) exerts anti-inflammatory effects. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that hANP could prevent lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury in a rodent model. Rats received an LPS injection and continuous intravenous infusion (CIV) of hANP or saline solution. We evaluated the anti-inflammatory effects of hANP by histological examination and determination of serum cytokine levels and lung myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity. Histological examination revealed marked reductions in interstitial congestion, edema, inflammation, and hemorrhage in lung tissue harvested 12 h after hANP treatment compared with tissue from rats that received saline treatment after LPS. LPS injection induced elevated cytokine (IL-1β and IL-6) secretion and lung MPO activity, which was also attenuated by hANP treatment. Taken together, these data demonstrate that hANP exerts an anti-inflammatory effect and may have potential as a therapeutic agent to treat systemic inflammatory diseases.