Serum Biomarkers of Renal Cell Carcinoma Assessed Using a Protein Profiling Approach Based on ClinProt Technique

Objectives To investigate the possibility of using the ClinProt technique to find serum cancer related diagnostic markers that are able to better discriminate healthy subjects from patients affected by renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). Renal cell carcinoma is the most common malignancy of the kidney. Biomarkers for early detection, prognosis, follow-up, and differential diagnosis of ccRCC from benign renal lesions are needed in daily clinical practice when imaging is not helpful. Methods Serum of 29 healthy subjects and 33 ccRCC patients was analyzed by the ClinProt/MALDI-ToF technique. Results A cluster of 3 peptides (A = m / z 1083 ± 8 Da, B = m / z 1445 ± 8 Da and C = m / z 6879 ± 8 Da) was able to discriminate patients from control subjects. Cross-validation analysis using the whole casistic showed 88% and 96% of sensitivity and specificity, respectively. Moreover, the cluster showed 100% sensitivity for the identification of patients at pT2 (n = 5) and pT3 (n = 8) and 85% for pT1 patients (n = 20). The intensity of peaks A and C continuously decreased from pT1 to pT3, whereas peak B increased in pT1 and pT2. Conclusions These results may be useful to set up new diagnostic or prognostic tools.