Tumor necrosis factor alpha induced by Trypanosoma cruzi infection mediates inflammation and cell death in the liver of infected mice

Trypanosoma cruzi ( T. cruzi) infected C57BL/6 mice developed a progressive fatal disease due to an imbalance in the profile of circulating related compounds accompanying infection like tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα). TNFα has been proposed as an important effector molecule in apoptosis. In this work, we evaluate inflammation and the proteins involved in apoptotic process in liver of infected mice and the role of TNFα. C57BL6/mice were infected subcutaneously with 100 viable trypomastigotes of Tulahuén strain of T cruzi. One set of these animals were treated with 375 μg of antihuman TNFα blocking antibody. Animals were sacrificed at 14 days post-infection (p.i).The analyses of Bcl-2 family proteins revealed an increase of the pro-apoptotic proteins Bax and tBid in T. cruzi-infected mice. Compared with control animals, cytochrome c release was increased. Apoptosis was also induced in infected mice. Anti-TNFα treatment decreases hepatic apoptosis. Our results suggest that T. cruzi infection induces programmed cell death in the host liver by increase of TNFα production, associated with TNF-R1 over-expression, that set in motion the Bid cleavage and mitochondrial translocation, Bax mitochondrial translocation, cytochrome c release, and ultimately apoptosis induction.