Volatile organic analysis by direct aqueous injection

Gas chromatographic environmental analysis by direct aqueous injection (DAI) was studied for 24 volatile organic analytes (VOAs). Internal standardization was used to determine the precision of analysing these compounds by DAI. Aqueous samples were directly introduced to a gas chromatograph using fused-silica, mega-bore capillary column separation with subsequent full-scan ion trap mass spectral detection. Triplicate injections at seven levels of VOA standard solutions over a 10 3 concentration range were performed using an autosampler set up for on-column injection of 0.2 μl. Comparison of single-ion response curves to triple-ion response curves showed that triple-ion quantitation was more sensitive and precise than single-ion quantitation. Of the 24 VOAs determined at the 20 parts per billion (ppb) level, 19 and 20 were detected by the single-ion calibration and triple-ion calibration, respectively. The weighted and non-weighted regression correlation coefficients, r 2, for the 24 responses curves by the two methods, ranged from 0.910 to 0.998, with 76 of 96 being greater than 0.990. Precision, as measured by per cent relative standard deviation, was shown to be best for later eluting compounds and for higher concentrations. Analysis of an environmental sample by DAI was accomplished in 12 min and indicated the presence of benzene at 80 ppb and chlorobenzene at 2 ppm. This demonstrated the feasibility of applying this technique for screening. Several chlorinated benzenes were also detected, establishing the potential for expanding the method to include higher boiling compounds.