High-Resolution Double Arterial Phase Hepatic MRI Using Adaptive 2D Centric View Ordering: Initial Clinical Experience

The objective of our study was to evaluate a new 3D fast spoiled gradient-recalled echo (FSPGR) sequence referred to as modified liver acceleration volume acquisition (LAVA) for high-resolution gadolinium-enhanced dual arterial phase liver MRI and to determine the effect of this technique on the timing of the contrast bolus and lesion detection. Gadolinium-enhanced dual arterial phase liver MRI was performed in 109 patients using a modified LAVA sequence that supports adaptive 2D centric view ordering, efficient 2D autocalibrated acceleration, and partial-Fourier to achieve faster scan times while maintaining the same slice thickness, resolution, and coverage as single-phase imaging. After a fixed 20-second scan delay, a modified LAVA acquisition required a single 24- to 26-second breath-hold for two arterial phases with 56-60 slices per pass. Images were reviewed for timing relative to liver enhancement, lesion conspicuity, and lesion detection. Liver lesion depiction was evaluated qualitatively and quantitatively. A control group of 109 patients underwent imaging using a single arterial phase 3D FSPGR sequence, which was also performed with a fixed 20-second scan delay. The single arterial phase images produced optimal timing in the middle or late arterial phase in 79 (72%) of the 109 control group patients compared with 99 (91%) of the 109 study group patients who underwent imaging using a dynamic modified LAVA dual arterial phase sequence. For the modified LAVA sequence, the first-pass images were obtained during the mid arterial phase in 34 patients (31%). The second-pass images were obtained during the mid arterial phase in 51 patients (47%) and late arterial phase in 26 patients (24%). Sixty-two patients had liver lesions showing greater conspicuity--on the first phase in 17 patients (27%) and second phase in 45 patients (73%). Hypovascular lesions were more conspicuous on second-phase images in 24 (86%) of 28 patients. Hypervascular lesions were more conspicuous on first-phase images in 13 patients (38%) and on second-phase images in 21 (62%) of 34 patients. The first-phase images detected 165 and 155 liver lesions, respectively, for two observers compared with 233 and 224 lesions on the second-phase images, whereas the combined dual arterial phase images detected 256 and 248 hepatic lesions. High-resolution dual arterial phase 3D FSPGR MRI improves the timing of the arterial phase of liver enhancement and provides additional information for liver