Green Revolution, Human Capital, and Off‐Farm Employment: Changing Sources of Income among Farm Households in Central Luzon, 1966–1994

The changing roles of land and human capital in determining the income of farm households over the past 3 decades encompassing the pre- and post-Green Revolution periods are explored. Detailed annual data of household income collected by the Central Luzon Loop Survey for 4 years from 1966-1967 to 1986-1987, 1990-1991, and 1994-1995 are used. Sample farms are characterized in terms of the farm size, land tenure, and gender, age, and schooling of the working members. A description of changes in technology, labor use per hectare, and factor prices in rice farming is included. The factor share in rice production is analyzed to explore the changing importance of land and labor income within the rice sector. The structure of overall farm household income is explored to gain a proper perspective on the changing importance of farm versus nonfarm income sources. The implications for the strategy of agricultural research and other development policies are discussed.