Plasmon excitations by photoelectron emission from rare gas nanobubbles in aluminum

Aluminum bulk, surface, and multiple plasmons have been observed in the core-level spectra of rare gas (Ne, Ar, and Xe) nanobubbles in Al, whose intensities are even higher than those of Al metal. Both intrinsic and extrinsic bulk plasmons are detected, but they exhibit diametrically opposite intensity variation due to change in the size and implantation depth of the bubbles. Furthermore, the existence of bubble surface plasmon is demonstrated.