Health economics and the value of therapy in Alzheimer’s disease

Abstract In increasingly aging societies throughout the developed and developing world, Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias are fast becoming a critical public health issue, exacting an enormous toll on individuals and healthcare systems. Over the past 10 years, five drugs have been developed and approved for the symptomatic treatment of Alzheimer’s dementia, and several disease-modifying drugs are in various stages of clinical development. While symptomatic medications were consistently shown to have clinical benefit in numerous efficacy studies, the cost effectiveness of antidementia therapies and their value to healthcare systems remain unclear. The pharmacoeconomics of antidementia therapies is an evolving field, with several unanswered questions. This poses many challenges for biopharmaceutical companies developing these therapies, regulatory agencies responsible for their approval, and payers responsible for ensuring their availability to patients. The challenge partly relates to the unique nature of dementia as a disease of impaired cognition, behavior, and function. Thus, the selection of appropriate outcome measures that directly relate to healthcare utilization, quality of life, caregiver burden, and pharmacoeconomic analysis has been difficult. The development of meaningful and widely acceptable outcome measures, as well as novel clinical-study designs, is needed to better evaluate cost effectiveness and to demonstrate the value of therapeutics for Alzheimer’s disease. Providing the decision-makers in healthcare systems with a body of evidence that demonstrates a positive relationship between clinical outcomes and the economic and humanistic benefits of antidementia therapeutics will improve patient access to novel drugs as they become available.