Recurrent refractory ventricular fibrillation: how many times is it necessary to defibrillate?

Recurrent ventricular fibrillation is that which persists after three consecutive defibrillation attempts. It generally appears in almost 25% of all heart arrests and entails high mortality. Use of amiodarone during resuscitation maneuvers is recommended, this having better results than lidocaine. Neither procainamide nor bretylium should be used in this type of arrhythmia, however beta blockers or magnesium can be used when ischemic heart disease or hypomagnesiemia, respectively, is suspected as the cause. We present the case of a male patient with a background of heart disease (stent in circunflex 8 years earlier) that began with an episode of primary ventricular fibrillation when entering the Emergency Service. He was given 35 shocks of 360 J, without using thoracic compressions at any time since he recovered an effective post-shock pulse with normal neurological condition. Amiodarone and thrombolytics (tenecteplase) were administered during the intervention, achieving favorable resolution after 52 min, once stabilized showing an electrocardiogram of acute coronary syndrome without ST elevation and verifying obstruction of the right coronary artery in the catheterism, on which a stent was placed. He was discharged from the hospital six days after with no neurological sequels. In agreement with the 2005 International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation Recommendations, the resuscitation maneuvers and electrical shocks should be continued while there is a defibrillable rhythm, as occurred in our patient.