Binding of host glycosaminoglycans and milk proteins: possible role in the pathogenesis of Streptococcus uberis mastitis

The role of indirect binding of host proteins through glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) on adherence and internalization of Streptococcus uberis to bovine mammary epithelial cells was evaluated. Preincubation of S. uberis with GAGs followed by incubation with fetal bovine serum (FBS), bovine milk or milk proteins resulted in greater adherence to and internalization of S. uberis into mammary epithelial cells than observed in untreated controls. Highest values were detected, when final incubation was done with milk. Greater adherence to and internalization into mammary epithelial cells were observed when heparin sulfate (HEP) and milk were used compared with any other GAG and FBS. When individual milk proteins were used, greatest adherence and internalization were observed when S. uberis strains were pretreated with HEP followed by treatment with β-casein. The findings of this study illustrate a pathogenic strategy of S. uberis that may occur during the very early stages of infection.