Influence of d(+)-glucosamine on infection rates and parasite loads in tsetse flies ( Glossina spp.) infected with Trypanosoma brucei

Teneral Glossina morsitans centralis, G. m. morsitans and G. pallidipes were infected with three different clones of Trypanosoma brucei in blood containing d(+)-glucosamine, an inhibitor of tsetse midgut lectin. On average, 5 days of d(+)-glucosamine treatment tripled infection rates, without affecting the proportion of infections that matured. Total infection rates were equal in males and females, but twice as many infections matured in males. Counts of parasites in the guts and salivary glands of 277 flies revealed order of magnitude differences among flies, with females consistently having 2–3-times as many parasites as males. Parasite numbers varied in a sex-specific manner among tsetse-clone combinations, but these differences were not correlated with similar large differences in infection rates. d(+)-glucosamine treatment had no significant effect on parasite loads.