Results after delayed axillary nerve reconstruction with interposition of sural nerve grafts

Hypothesis Satisfactory results after repair of isolated axillary nerve lesions using sural nerve autografts have been reported, but a delay between injury and surgical repair exceeding 6 months was one of the most important negative predictors of functional outcome. From our experience, we hypothesize that good results can be obtained even after a delay exceeding 6 months and we opted in this study to assess the value of delayed axillary nerve reconstruction. Materials and methods We evaluated clinical outcome and donor-site morbidity in 12 patients (mean age, 37; range, 19-66 years) who underwent axillary nerve repair with sural nerve graft with an average 11.25-month a delay between trauma and surgery (range, 8-20 months). Follow-up examination at least 24 months after treatment included assessment of shoulder range of motion, deltoid muscle strength in near full extension, deltoid extension lag, and sensibility. Constant Score, subjective shoulder value, and the Disabilities of Arm, Shoulder and Hand score were also assessed. Results All patients showed an improved deltoid function of at least M3. Postoperative extension lag, as the most specific sign of isolated deltoid function, improved from 57.5° to 14.2°. All stated that they would have identical elective surgery again. Relevant donor-site morbidity was not observed. Conclusion Our data indicate that even delayed axillary nerve grafting may lead to satisfactory functional results with a low morbidity and should therefore be done in selected patients.