A retrospective, open-label analysis of the population pharmacokinetics of a single 10-mg dose of loratadine in healthy white Jordanian male volunteers

Abstract Background : Loratadine is a long-acting tricyclic antihistamine with selective peripheral histamine H1 -receptor antagonist activity. Loratadine 10-mg tablets have been reported to be rapidly absorbed after once-daily administration for 10 days in healthy adult subjects, with a Tmax of 1.3 hours for loratadine and 2.5 hours for its major active metabolite, descarboethoxyloratadine. The t½ in normal adult subjects has been reported to be 8.4 hours (range, 3–20 hours) for loratadine and 28 hours for its metabolite. Objective : The aim of this study was to determine the population pharmacokinetics of loratadine after oral administration. Methods : A retrospective analysis was conducted of prior noncompartmental analysis results from healthy white Jordanian male subjects who participated in 2 pharmacokinetic studies. After a 10-hour overnight fast, a single 10-mg loratadine tablet was administered orally followed by 240 mL of water. Blood samples were collected before dosing and at 0.33, 0.66, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 16, 24, 36, 48, 72, and 96 hours after dosing. Mean and population plasma level profiles were examined. The calculated primary and secondary pharmacokinetic parameters were Vd /F, ke , absorption rate constant, lag time, distribution rate constant, redistribution rate constant, Tmax , and Cmax. Results : A total of 72 healthy male subjects with a mean (SD) age of 23 (3.57) years participated in the 2 studies. The analytical method was linear over the concentration range from 0.10 to 20.00 ng/mL ( r > 0.999). The lower limit of quantitation was 0.1 ng/mL with 95% accuracy. Precision, expressed as %CV, was 7.44%. Intraday accuracy ranged from 91.9% to 97.2% at high and low quality control levels, respectively. Interday accuracy ranged from 93.57% (%CV, 4.35%) to 98.78% (%CV, 5.78%), respectively. Population ke, t½ , absorption rate constant, and absorption t½ were 0.19 hour−1 , 3.65 hours, 1.31 hours−1 , and 0.53 hour, respectively. Distribution rate constant, redistribution rate constant, and lag time were 0.31 hour−1 , 0.02 hour−1 , and 0.32 hour, respectively. The noncompartmental estimate for Cmax was 3.02 ng/mL, which occurred at 1.30 hours, with a t½ of 5 hours and a ke of 0.14 hour−1 . No adverse events were recorded during the study. Conclusion : The population t½ for loratadine was 3.65 hours in this group of healthy white Jordanian male volunteers, shorter than that observed in previous research.