Surface energy of ethylene -co-1-butene copolymers determined by contact angle methods

Wilhelmy plate measurements of contact angles with a series of test liquids are used to calculate the surface energies of two poly(ethylene -co-1-butene) random copolymers. Results from five methods of calculation are reported: one-liquid (Good–Girifalco and Neumann), two-liquid (harmonic mean and geometric mean), and three-liquid (Lifshitz–van der Waals acid–base) methods. We find that all five methods are sensitive to the choice of test liquids used for contact angle measurements, as previously reported, but consistent results are obtained if recommended combinations of liquids are used. The mean results of the three-liquid acid–base method are judged to be the most reliable and informative, leading to surface energies of 30.8 mJ/m 2 for poly(ethylene -co-1-butene) copolymer composed of 92 mol% ethylene and 30.2 mJ/m 2 for copolymer composed of 88 mol% ethylene.