Safety and efficacy of 7‐day rabeprazole‐ and omeprazole‐based triple therapy regimens for the eradication of Helicobacter pylori in patients with documented peptic ulcer disease

Summary Aim : A double‐blind, randomized study was designed to determine whether rabeprazole‐ and omeprazole‐based triple therapy regimens are therapeutically equivalent in the eradication of Helicobacter pylori. Methods : Three hundred and forty‐five patients with current or previously active peptic ulcer and a positive H. pylori urease test were randomly assigned to receive RCA, OCA, RCM or OCM twice daily for 7 days (R, rabeprazole 20 mg; O, omeprazole 20 mg; C, clarithromycin 500 mg; A, amoxicillin 1000 mg; M, metronidazole 400 mg). H. pylori eradication was documented by negative 13C‐urea breath tests at 4 and 12 weeks, and was evaluated using a 2 × 2 factorial design with proton pump inhibitor and antibiotic as factors. Results : Overall eradication rates (per protocol/intention‐to‐treat) were 87%/77% and 85%/75% with rabeprazole and omeprazole, respectively (not significant). However, a statistical interaction between proton pump inhibitor and antibiotic was identified. RCA produced a somewhat higher eradication rate than OCA (94% vs. 84%; difference, 9.8%; 95% confidence interval, − 0.7% to + 20.4%), whereas RCM produced a lower eradication rate than OCM (79% vs. 86%; difference, 8.1%; 95% confidence interval, − 21.4% to + 5.1%). Ulcer healing rates were > 90% with H. pylori eradication. Each regimen was well tolerated. Conclusions : Rabeprazole‐ and omeprazole‐based triple therapy regimens are therapeutically equivalent in the eradication of H. pylori and well tolerated. The statistical interaction observed between the proton pump inhibitor and supplementary antibiotic may be due to chance.