Effect of membranotropic and mucoadhesive formulations of protein proteinase inhibitors on bovine herpes virus-1 reproduction

The lipidized derivatives of Bowman–Birk soybean protease inhibitor (BBI) containing one to three oleoyl groups were synthesized and characterized. The (ole) 1- and (ole) 2BBI were demonstrated to have 200- and 100-fold higher uptake into Caco-2 cell monolayers compared to native BBI. The acylated BBI had increased affinity to elastase-like proteases. Aprotinin-loaded starch/bovine serum albumin microcapsules were prepared using interfacial cross-linking with terephthaloyl chloride and characterized for their morphology, size and release of the inhibitor. Various formulations of protein proteinase inhibitors were tested for their influence on BHV-1 reproduction in cell cultures. Native aprotinin possessed palpable dose-dependent effect inhibiting the virus reproduction up to 4.0 lg (10,000-fold). The bioadhesive, biodegradable aprotinin-loaded microcapsules were the most effective decreasing virus infectious titer up to 4.0 lg and delaying the cytopathic effect up to 144 h in lesser doses of aprotinin. The lipophilic derivative (ole) 1BBI was shown to exhibit effective inhibition (>100-fold) of BHV-1 reproduction unlike native BBI.