Applications of fast diffusion measurement using Difftrain

Novel applications of fast self-diffusion measurement are presented. Difftrain (Diffusion train), which uses successive stimulated echoes from a single excitation pulse where a portion of the available magnetisation is recovered for each echo, is used to measure self-diffusion by varying the observation time. It is applied to produce the droplet size distribution of an oil-in-water emulsion in less than 4 s. This is verified by comparison with the droplet size distribution produced by a standard pulsed field gradient (PFG) technique. Difftrain is also extended to enable the application of incremental gradients, in addition to varying the observation time. This is used to produce propagators or displacement probabilities of water flowing through a packed bed for a range of 16 observation times in under 10 min. Again verification is provided by acquisition of the same propagators using a conventional PFG technique.