An electromyographic analysis of the elbow in normal and injured pitchers with medial collateral ligament insufficiency
Electromyography and high-speed film were used to examine the muscle activity in the elbows of pitchers with medial collateral ligament insufficiency compared to the activity in uninjured elbows. Ten competitive baseball pitchers with medial collateral insufficiency and 30 uninjured competitive pitc...
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Veröffentlicht in: | The American journal of sports medicine 1992-05, Vol.20 (3), p.311-317 |
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Zusammenfassung: | Electromyography and high-speed film were used to examine the muscle activity in the elbows of pitchers with medial collateral
ligament insufficiency compared to the activity in uninjured elbows. Ten competitive baseball pitchers with medial collateral
insufficiency and 30 uninjured competitive pitchers were tested while throwing the fastball and the curveball. The extensor
carpi radialis brevis and longus in the injured pitchers showed greater activity than in the uninjured pitchers for both pitches.
The triceps, flexor carpi radialis, and pronator teres all showed less activity in the injured pitchers during the fastball,
but only the triceps had less activity during the curveball. The differences were seen during the late cocking and acceleration
phases, which place the greatest stress on the medial collateral ligament. If the flexor carpi radialis and pronator teres
were substituting for the deficient medial collateral lig ament and functioning as dynamic stabilizers, one would expect enhanced
muscle activity. However, the opposite was found. This pattern of asynchronous mus cle action with medial collateral ligament
injury may predispose the joint to further injury. The muscular differences seen are critical to the understanding of the
pathomechanics of patients with medial collateral liga ment deficiency, and provide a basis for rehabilitation. |
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ISSN: | 0363-5465 1552-3365 |
DOI: | 10.1177/036354659202000313 |