Mycotic aneurysm of the tibioperoneal trunk: Case report and review of the literature

Peripheral mycotic aneurysms can occur when septic emboli lodge in either the lumen or the vasa vasorum of a peripheral vessel. Such aneurysms have become rare after the widespread use of aggressive antibiotic treatment for bacterial endocarditis. We report the case of a large mycotic aneurysm of the tibioperoneal trunk 18 months after an episode of Streptococcus viridans bacterial endocarditis. Treatment included complete resection of the aneurysmal sac with restoration of circulation to the posterior tibial artery with a reversed saphenous vein graft. To our knowledge, this is the first case of a mycotic aneurysm of the tibioperoneal trunk reported in the English literature. It also represents the first case in which a mycotic aneurysm of an infrapopliteal vessel was managed successfully with restoration of circulation.