Behavioural learning-induced increase in spontaneous GABAA-dependent synaptic activity in rat striatal cholinergic interneurons

Cholinergic striatal interneurons play a crucial role in cognitive aspects of context‐dependent motor behaviours. They are considered to correspond to the tonically active neurons (TANs) of the primate striatum, which phasically decrease their discharge at the presentation of reward‐related sensory stimuli. The origin of this response is still poorly understood. Therefore, in the present paper, we have investigated whether synaptic changes establish in cholinergic interneurons from young rats that have learned a rewarded, externally cued sensorimotor task. Corticostriatal slices were prepared from both control and trained rats. No significant change in intrinsic membrane properties and evoked synaptic activity was observed in cholinergic interneurons, nor the responsiveness to exogenously applied dopaminergic and glutamatergic agonists was modified. Conversely, an increased occurrence of spontaneous bicuculline‐sensitive depolarizing postsynaptic potentials (sDPSP) was recorded. The frequency of the GABAA‐mediated sDPSP was increased in comparison to not‐conditioned rats. Overall, these results suggest that after learning a rewarded sensorimotor paradigm an increased GABA influence develops on cholinergic interneurons. The origin of this effect might be searched in collaterals of GABAergic output spiny neurons as well as in GABAergic striatal interneurons impinging onto cholinergic interneurons. This intrastriatal mechanism might be involved in the phasic suppression of discharge of TANs at the presentation of reward‐related sensory stimuli.