Bovine embryo culture in the presence or absence serum: implications for blastocyst development, cryotolerance, and messenger RNA expression
We have previously shown that, while the intrinsic quality of the oocyte is the main factor affecting blastocyst yield during bovine embryo development in vitro, the main factor affecting the quality of the blastocyst is the postfertilization culture conditions. Therefore, any improvement in the qua...
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Veröffentlicht in: | Biology of reproduction 2003, Vol.68 (1), p.236-243 |
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Zusammenfassung: | We have previously shown that, while the intrinsic quality of the oocyte is the main factor affecting blastocyst yield during
bovine embryo development in vitro, the main factor affecting the quality of the blastocyst is the postfertilization culture
conditions. Therefore, any improvement in the quality of blastocysts produced in vitro is likely to derive from the modification
of the postfertilization culture conditions. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of the presence or absence
of serum and the concentration of BSA during the period of embryo culture in vitro on 1) cleavage rate, 2) the kinetics of
embryo development, 3) blastocyst yield, and 4) blastocyst quality, as assessed by cryotolerance and gene expression patterns.
The quantification of all gene transcripts was carried out by real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain
reaction. Bovine blastocysts from four sources were used: 1) in vitro culture in synthetic oviduct fluid (SOF) supplemented
with 3 mg/ml BSA and 10% fetal calf serum (FCS), 2) in vitro culture in SOF + 3 mg/ml BSA in the absence of serum, 3) in vitro
culture in SOF + 16 mg/ml BSA in the absence of serum, and 4) in vivo blastocysts. There was no difference in overall blastocyst
yield at Day 9 between the groups. However, significantly more blastocysts were present by Day 6 in the presence of 10% serum
(20.0%) compared with 3 mg/ml BSA (4.6%, P < 0.001) or 16 mg/ml BSA (11.6%, P < 0.01). By Day 7, however, this difference had disappeared. Following vitrification, there was no difference in survival
between blastocysts produced in the presence of 16 mg/ml BSA or those produced in the presence of 10% FCS; the survival of
both groups was significantly lower than the in vivo controls at all time points and in terms of hatching rate. In contrast,
survival of blastocysts produced in SOF + 3 mg/ml BSA in the absence of serum was intermediate, with no difference remaining
at 72 h when compared with in vivo embryos. Differences in relative mRNA abundance among the two groups of blastocysts analyzed
were found for genes related to apoptosis (Bax), oxidative stress (MnSOD, CuZnSOD, and SOX), communication through gap junctions
(Cx31 and Cx43), maternal recognition of pregnancy (IFN-Ï), and differentiation and implantation (LIF and LR-β). The presence
of serum during the culture period resulted in a significant increase in the level of expression of MnSOD, SOX, Bax, LIF,
and LR-β. The level of expression |
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ISSN: | 0006-3363 1529-7268 |
DOI: | 10.1095/biolreprod.102.007799 |