Frontal Systems Behavior Scale in schizophrenia: relationships with psychiatric symptomatology, cognition and adaptive function

Schizophrenia patients often exhibit impairments in executive functioning on formal testing and exhibit behaviors consistent with executive/frontal impairment in daily life. The Frontal Systems Behavior Scale (FrSBe) assesses behaviors associated with frontal lobe damage including executive dysfunction, apathy and disinhibition. We examined the reliability and validity of the FrSBe in 131 schizophrenia outpatients. Subjects were rated on the FrSBe and received symptom, cognitive and functional assessments. Statistical tests were corrected for multiple comparisons. The FrSBe was found to have good internal consistency and test–retest reliability. All three dimensions of the FrSBe (i.e. executive dysfunction, apathy and disinhibition) were significantly correlated with poor adaptive functioning as measured by the Social and Occupational Functioning Scale and the Functional Needs Assessment. In addition, differential relationships were found for apathy and disinhibition with symptoms as rated from the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale and with cognitive variables including Trails B and verbal fluency scores. A multivariate analysis of variance examined differences on the FrSBe between patients and a group of 51 education-matched controls. Patients had significantly greater impairment on the FrSBe than controls. These differences were found for all FrSBe subscales. Results support the use of the FrSBe to characterize goal-directed behavior in schizophrenia patients.